6/25/2023 0 Comments Sodium benzoate mmassLikewise, continuous dietary benzoate exposure might have allowed the human gut microbes to evolve benzoate catabolic machinery. Despite limited concentration, antimicrobial food additives were found to induce gut metagenome enrichment for their catabolism 12. Even microbiome dysbiosis either due to any genetic 7 or epigenetic changes 8 results in the onset of various physiological 5, 9 and metabolic disorders 10.īenzoate is a well-proven antimicrobial agent 11, however, its limited availability in the human gut might have failed to induce any antimicrobial effect on gut microbes. Human microbial companion known as the human microbiome resides in and on the human body 6 and plays a vital role in the various physiological processes 5, 6 that cumulatively allows the host to sustain healthy physiology 6. From the last few decades, microbes have been identified as a key human companion and considered as a virtual organ of the human system 5. The human metabolic framework is considered as a sole element in sodium benzoate detoxification 4. Almost all the absorbed sodium benzoate is excreted out of the human body through the urogenital system as amino acids adduct i.e. Metabolism of the sodium benzoate is well described in humans 1. The human intestine receives an average of 0–5 mg kg −1 of benzoate per day either as a food additive 1 or as a metabolic end-product of polyphenol diets 2. Sodium benzoate being a safe antimicrobial agent is commonly used as a food preservative. Enrichment of the benzoate catabolic protein features in human gut microbes rationalizes their role in benzoate catabolism, as well as indicates food-derived microbiome evolution. Analysis of the 201 human gut metagenomic datasets across diverse populations indicates the omnipresence of these features. Benzoate catabolism assays identified statistically significant metabolites ( P < 0.05) associated with the protocatechuate branch of the beta-ketoadipate pathway of the benzoate metabolism. These features were mapped on to the aerobic and anaerobic pathways of benzoate catabolism. Metagenomic exploration highlights the presence of benzoate catabolic protein features. Microbial diversity analysis with multiple features synchronously indicates the dominance of Bacteroidetes followed by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. The current study uses a multi-omic approach to rationalize the role of human gut microbes in benzoate metabolism. Despite the human gut microbiome being considered as a virtual human organ, its role in benzoate metabolism is yet to be elucidated. Sodium benzoate is one of the widely used food preservatives and its metabolism in the human body has been studied only with the host perspective.
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